![]() ![]() Many very tall towers have their support structures at the periphery of the building, which greatly increases the overall stiffness.Ī third limit is dynamic a tower is subject to varying winds, vortex shedding, seismic disturbances etc. This can be avoided if the tower's support structure tapers up the building.Ī second limit is that of buckling-the structure requires sufficient stiffness to avoid breaking under the loads it faces, especially those due to winds. However, above a certain height, the compressive load of the material is exceeded, and the tower will fail. Up to a certain height, a tower can be made with the supporting structure with parallel sides. The Himalayan Towers are stone towers located chiefly in Tibet built approximately 14th to 15th century. Other well known towers include the Leaning Tower of Pisa in Pisa, Italy built from 1173 until 1372, the Two Towers in Bologna, Italy built from 1109 until 1119 and the Towers of Pavia (25 survive), built between 11th and 13th century. Towers were also an important element of castles. ![]() The Chinese used towers as integrated elements of the Great Wall of China in 210 BC during the Qin Dynasty. The Romans utilised octagonal towers as elements of Diocletian's Palace in Croatia, which monument dates to approximately 300 AD, while the Servian Walls (4th century BC) and the Aurelian Walls (3rd century AD) featured square ones. For example, the name of the Moroccan city of Mogador, founded in the first millennium BC, is derived from the Phoenician word for watchtower ('migdol'). These and other examples from Phoenician and Roman cultures emphasised the use of a tower in fortification and sentinel roles. Some of the earliest surviving examples are the broch structures in northern Scotland, which are conical tower houses. The most famous ziggurats include the Sumerian Ziggurat of Ur, built in the 3rd millennium BC, and the Etemenanki, one of the most famous examples of Babylonian architecture. Some of the earliest towers were ziggurats, which existed in Sumerian architecture since the 4th millennium BC. The oldest known may be the circular stone tower in walls of Neolithic Jericho (8000 BC). Towers have been used by humankind since prehistoric times. With the Lydian toponyms Τύρρα, Τύρσα, it has been connected with the ethnonym Τυρρήνιοι as well as with Tusci (from *Turs-ci), the Greek and Latin names for the Etruscans (Kretschmer Glotta 22, 110ff.) The Latin term together with Greek τύρσις was loaned from a pre-Indo-European Mediterranean language, connected with the Illyrian toponym Old English torr is from Latin turris via Old French tor. A tower can stand alone or be supported by adjacent buildings, or it may be a feature on top of a larger structure or building. Towers may also be built for observation, leisure, or telecommunication purposes. For example, the height of a clock tower improves the visibility of the clock, and the height of a tower in a fortified building such as a castle increases the visibility of the surroundings for defensive purposes. Towers are specifically distinguished from buildings in that they are built not to be habitable but to serve other functions using the height of the tower. Towers are distinguished from masts by their lack of guy-wires and are therefore, along with tall buildings, self-supporting structures. Tokyo Skytree, the tallest tower in the world Azadi Tower in Tehran, Iran an example of Iranian architecture of various periods Roman tower ( reconstruction) at Limes – Taunus / GermanyĪ tower is a tall structure, taller than it is wide, often by a significant factor.
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